A low carbohydrate and high protein diet favors the metabolism of which substance?

A low carbohydrate and high protein diet primarily encourages the metabolism of amino acids. In such dietary conditions, the body transforms amino acids into energy through a process known as gluconeogenesis, where non-carbohydrate substrates, including certain amino acids, are converted into glucose to meet energy needs. This metabolic pathway is particularly important when carbohydrate intake is low, as the body seeks alternative energy sources.

Under a high protein and low carbohydrate intake, the body may also increase ketoacid production from amino acids, which can lead to the utilization of fats for energy, particularly through ketogenesis. However, the primary focus when discussing a high protein diet is the direct metabolism of amino acids for energy and production of glucose.

In contrast, fatty acids, vitamins, and glucose metabolism are not predominantly favored in a low carbohydrate and high protein setting. Fatty acids would typically be utilized more when carbohydrate intake is sufficient to signal the body to use fats for energy, while glucose metabolism is limited due to the reduced carbohydrate intake. Vitamins do not serve as a significant energy source and therefore are not directly affected by changes in macronutrient ratios in the diet.