Radiosensitivity of a tissue is inversely proportional to which factor?

The radiosensitivity of a tissue being inversely proportional to the degree of cell differentiation reflects a key concept in radiobiology. Differentiated cells, which are specialized and have specific functions, typically demonstrate lower radiosensitivity compared to undifferentiated or less specialized cells. This phenomenon occurs because more differentiated cells are often in a stable state and possess lower mitotic activity, making them less likely to be affected by the damage caused by ionizing radiation.

In contrast, actively dividing cells found in tissues such as bone marrow, intestines, or tumors tend to be more radiosensitive. This is because these cells are constantly undergoing mitosis and are more susceptible to the disruptions caused by radiation, which can interfere with cell division and function.

Therefore, as the degree of cell differentiation increases, indicating a more specialized and stable cell type, the cells become less responsive to radiation damage, highlighting the inverse relationship. This understanding is crucial for predicting the effects of radiotherapy and for strategizing treatment plans that minimize damage to healthy tissues while targeting malignant cells.