What is the main function of Dees in a cyclotron?

In a cyclotron, the Dees serve a critical role in the acceleration of charged particles, specifically ions. The name "Dee" comes from the D-shaped electrodes used in the cyclotron's design. When negatively charged particles, such as electrons or ions, are introduced into the cyclotron's magnetic field, the Dees function by applying a high-frequency alternating electric field. This oscillating electric field causes the particles to repeatedly gain energy as they pass through the gap between the Dees, effectively pushing and pulling the negatively charged particles, allowing them to spiral outward and gain speed with each pass.

This mechanism is central to how cyclotrons operate, as the Dees are fundamental in creating the conditions necessary for the effective acceleration of the particles. The manipulation of electric and magnetic fields within the cyclotron allows for the creation of high-energy beams essential for various applications in nuclear medicine and research.