What technology is described as automated systems inside lead-shielded hot cells?

The correct response is the synthesis modules. These are specifically designed automated systems utilized within lead-shielded hot cells to facilitate the production of radiopharmaceuticals for use in PET imaging. They are essential for handling radioactive materials safely and efficiently, allowing for the synthesis of compounds like fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) without exposing personnel to harmful radiation.

Synthesis modules automate several steps in the preparation process, including reactions, purification, and quality control, which minimizes human intervention and reduces the potential for contamination or error in the synthesis of the radiotracers. The lead shielding of the hot cells provides necessary protection from radiation emitted by the radioactive substances used in these processes.

In contrast, radiation detectors are used to measure and monitor radiation levels but do not participate in the synthesis of substances. Particle accelerators are complex machines that accelerate charged particles for various applications, including research and some types of medical treatments but are not generally used in hot cell environments for PET radiopharmaceutical production. Vacuum chambers are used in various scientific applications to create a low-pressure environment but are not specifically tailored for the synthesis of radiotracers in a hot cell setting.